The wave that is shaking the landscape and balances of the Islamic world on the Southern shore of the Mediterranean and beyond, coupled with the dramatic effect of the war in Libya, opens a phase of change with outcomes that remain extremely uncertain even today. In the face of a similar scenario that includes a case like Syria, where internal changes call into question all regional geopolitical arrangements, Europe, in the midst of a political and economic crisis, appears to be a major loser. The United States also seems increasingly in difficulty, while the presence and influence of countries like China grow throughout Africa and, consequently, in the Mediterranean Sea.